What is elevated in seminoma?
Non-seminomas often raise AFP and/or HCG levels. Pure seminomas occasionally raise HCG levels but never AFP levels.
Why is LDH elevated in testicular cancer?
Testicular Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) LDH is expressed on chromosome 12p, which is often amplified in testis cancer cells. LDH is less specific for testis cancer than HCG or AFP. However, elevated LDH levels are correlated to high tumor burden in seminoma and recurrence in NSGCT.
What is the survival rate of germ cell tumor adults?
Stage I GCTs have excellent 5-year survival rates with 97.9% for seminoma and 94.9% for non-seminomatous GCT. Five-year survival rates for metastatic GCTs are 86–95% in the good prognosis group, 72–85% for the intermediate prognosis group, and 48–64% for the poor prognosis group.
What does Extragonadal germ cell tumor mean?
Listen to pronunciation. (EK-struh-goh-NA-dul jerm sel TOO-mer) A rare cancer that develops in germ cells that are found in areas of the body other than the ovary or testicle (such as the brain, chest, abdomen, or tailbone).
What cancers cause high hCG levels?
Levels of hCG may also be elevated in other diseases such as liver, breast, lung, skin, and stomach cancers. Increased levels may also be seen in non-cancer conditions such as cirrhosis, duodenal ulcer, and inflammatory bowel disease.
What are symptoms of advanced testicular cancer?
Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer
- Dull pain in the lower back and belly.
- Lack of energy, sweating for no clear reason, fever, or a general feeling of illness.
- Shortness of breath, coughing, or chest pain.
- Headache or confusion.
Is mediastinal seminoma curable?
Mediastinal seminomas are a relatively rare malignant disorder that is best treated by an interprofessional team. These tumors are usually curable with aggressive chemotherapy and radiation. Surgical intervention is used in some cases when the tumor is small and localized.
What is Extragonadal seminoma?
Abstract. Primary extragonadal seminoma (EGS) is a rare tumor of young adults that often presents with bulky primary tumors and metastatic disease. Long-term survival is inadequate with conventional therapy consisting of radiotherapy with or without surgery.
What do germ cell tumors feel like?
Common signs of germ cell tumors include: A mass on your ovaries or testicles. Belly pain and swelling (caused by tumor) Bathroom troubles (a hard time pooping or holding in your pee, if the tumor is near your pelvis)
What are the symptoms of a seminoma?
The most typical symptom of a seminoma is the finding of a painless lump, mass, nodule, or swelling on one testicle. 3 Back pain, if the cancer has spread (called metastasis) to nearby lymph nodes It’s important to keep in mind that a seminoma may cause no symptoms.
What are the signs and symptoms of extragonadal germ cell tumors?
Malignant extragonadal germ cell tumors may cause signs and symptoms as they grow into nearby areas. Other conditions may cause the same signs and symptoms. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: Chest pain. Breathing problems. Cough. Fever. Headache.
What is the prognosis of seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumor?
the levels of tumor markers AFP and β-hCG are normal and LDH is slightly above normal. A seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumor is in the good prognosis group if: the tumor has not spread to organs other than the lungs; and the level of AFP is normal; β-hCG and LDH may be at any level.
What causes a seminoma to grow uncontrollably?
A seminoma arises from germ cells that grow uncontrollably. Germ cells are the cells that form an embryo in a mother’s womb. Later on in development, germ cells are supposed to mature into sperm-producing cells within the male testicles.
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